Sharma, C. M.

• Studies on Vacuum Press Drying of Populus deltoides

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Authors

V. S. Kishan Kumar , Sachin Gupta , C. M. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 6 (2008), Pagination: 835-842

Abstract

Studies were taken up on one-inch thick samples of Populus deltoides to understand its drying behaviour under vacuum press drying. The experiment was conducted under eight different vacuum levels and temperature combinations. The results were analysed to understand which combination gives maximum drying rates in terms of moisture content reduction in various MC ranges. It was found that the samples could be dried to less than 15% MC levels from 90% MC levels effectively in two steps. No serious drying degrades were observed in the samples in spite of taking them through different drying cycles.

Keywords

Populus deltoides, Drying Behaviour, Vacuum Press

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• Variability in Cone and Seed Characteristics and Germination Behaviour in Various Provenances of Himalayan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa Don)

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Authors

B. S. Rawat , C. M. Sharma , Sumeet Gairola

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 11 (2008), Pagination: 1455-1467

Abstract

Five provenances of Cupressus torulosa collected from Garhwal Himalaya were studied for their cone and seed characteristics and germination behaviour. The three different sizes of cones i.e., large (1.98 x 1.71 - 2.23 x 1.78 cm), medium (1.61 x 1.38 - 1.81 x 1.60 cm) and small (1.38 x 1.71 - 1.60 x 1.49 cm) were observed in this species. The cone moisture content varied from 46.55-62.05%. The largest seeds were observed in Mandal provenance (0.48 ± 0.004cm x 0.44 ± 0.007cm) and the smallest (0.25 ± 0.007cm x 0.22 ± 0.005cm) in Gwaldam provenance. The seed mass was maximum (1.11 ± 0.036g /100 seeds on fresh weight basis) in New Tehri provenance and minimum (0.540 ± 0.011g/100 seeds on the fresh weight basis) in Mandal provenance. The highest germination (66.0 ± 3.68%) was observed in Mandal provenance at 10°C under prechilled conditions and the lowest germination (14.0 ± 1.00%) at 20°C in Mandal provenance under controlled conditions.

Keywords

Himalayan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa Don), Provenances, Cone and Seed
Characteristics, Variability, Germination Behaviour

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• Effect of Seed Size and Temperature Treatments on Germination of Various Seed Sources of Pinus wallichiana and Pinus roxburghii from Garhwal Mmalaya

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Authors

S. K. Ghildiyal , C. M. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 1 (2005), Pagination: 56-65

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of Hydrogen peroxide on germination of various provenances of Pinus wallichiana and Pinus roxburghii, which had a significant affect on rate and average germination percentage. It has been observed that H²O² treatment has reduced the germination period of these species appreciably down to 8 days and 10 days respectively. Therefore, seeds of these commercially important tree species should be pre- treated particularly with H²O² 1 % v/v for 24 hours to obtain optimum germination. The large sized seeds in Pinus wallichiana (mean germination percentage, 54.66%) and medium sized seeds in Pinus roxburghii (mean germination percentage, 93.33%) have been recorded favourable for getting increased seed germination under laboratory conditions.

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• Structure, Diversity and Regeneration Potential of Oak Dominant Conifer Mixed forest along an Altitudinal Gradient in Garhwal Himalaya

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Authors

Rajeev K. Srivastava , V. P. Khanduri , C. M. Sharma , Pankaj Kumar

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 12 (2005), Pagination: 1537-1553

Abstract

Temperate forest structure, species composition, dispersion, diversity and regeneration behaviour in relation to the physico-chemical properties of soil were studied in the Oakmixed coniferous forest in a part of Garhwal Himalaya during the year 2000. The study indicated that the total density and basal cover values in the tree layer varied from 630 to 1,590 stems/ ha and 20.04 to 82.51 m²/ha respectively. The maximum number of saplings and seedlings (520 and 720 stems/ha respectively) were observed on the highest altitude (2,100m asl), whereas, the minimum number of saplings and seedlings (200 and 100 stems/ha respectively), on the lowest altitude (1600m asl). The study further revels that the moist temperate forest is characterized by a patchy distribution of species and individuals with mixed species composition and the sites are represented by different dominants and codominant species. The values of diversity and concentration of dominance oscillated between 1.33 to 2.01 and 0.27 to 0.45, respectively. Physico- chemical properties of soils were found to be promising for the growth of forest. Availability of higher average organic carbon and nitrogen contents might have given birth to higher total basal cover values on 1,700m and 1,800m altitudes, whereas, lesser prevalence of these parameters on 1,900m and 2,000m altitudes apparent to lower total basal cover values.

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• A Study on Community Structure and Diversity of a Sub-tropical Forest of Garhwal Himalayas

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Authors

Munesh Kumar , C. M. Sharma , Govind S. Rajwar

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 130, No 2 (2004), Pagination: 207-214

Abstract

Two study sites selected on the basis of the disturbance gradient at the elevation from 900 to 1,300 m asl in the sub-tropical zone of District Pauri of the Garhwal Himalayas were studied for the structure and diversity of the forest. Density, total basal cover, importance value index, similarity index, concentration of dominance, diversity index, beta diversity and equitability index were analysed for tree, shrub, sapling and seedling layers of the forests and compared for the both the sites. The forest sites showed differences in analytic characters. The concentration of dominance and the index of diversity were higher for the mildly disturbed forest site.

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• Flowering Plants: the First Indicator of Climate Change

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Authors

V. P. Khanduri , Dhan Singh , Sumer Chandra , C. M. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 129, No 7 (2003), Pagination: 931-933

Abstract

No abstract

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• Transportation of Plants in Hills - a Comparative Study

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Authors

K. G. Sood , G. S. Rawat , C. M. Sharma , A. M. Nautiyal

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 128, No 7 (2002), Pagination: 745-752

Abstract

The knapsack type plant carrier designed and fabricated at FRI was subjected to extensive field trials for the transportation of plants in hill areas from the nurseries located at lower level to find out its suitability , efficiency and economics of operation and its comparison with the conventional method of transportation of plants under similar conditions , on which , detailed time and cost study was conducted at Gohri/Tal range of Soil Conservation Forest Division , Lansdowne (Uttaranchal). The plant carrier developed was found to be more advantageous , effective , economical and less strenuous as compared to conventional method of transportation of plants in hills.

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• WORKING QUALITIES OF SOME INDIAN TIMBERS - PART - X

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Authors

B. C. Pant , S. P. Singh , Sachin Gupta , C. M. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 128, No 9 (2002), Pagination: 1021-1032

Abstract

This paper is in continuation of earlier papers on systematic evaluation on working qualities of Indian timbers in which results of working qualities of seven more species namely Abies pindrow, Acacia tortilis, Leucaena leucocephala, Piciea smithiana, Paulownia species, Salix alba and Ulmus wallichiana have been reported after testing them under six major wood working operations - Planing, Sanding, Turning, Shaping, Boring and Mortizing. The working quality index based on quality of worked surface and ease of working for each species are reported along with the results of Tectona grandis for comparison. These results indicate that overall performance of Paulownia species and Ulmus wallichiana is better than Teak where as Acacia tortilis, Leucaena leucocephala and Piciea smithiana are comparable to Teak. These are easy to very easy to work with hand and machine tools.

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• Forest Composition in Relation to Socio-economic Status of People at Three High Altitudinal Villages of a Part of Garhwal Himalayas

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Authors

V. P. Khanduri , C. M. Sharma , S. K. Ghildiyal , K. S. Puspwan

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 128, No 12 (2002), Pagination: 1335-1345

Abstract

The present study was conducted in the Keflarnath Forest Division, involving three high altitude villages to study the involvement of local inhabitants/villagers with the forest and their effect on forest composition and regeneration status. Investigation revealed that the average firewood and fodder requirement of the study area was 1093.35 kg/day/village and 4758.65 kg/day/village, respectively. Whole of this firewood is extracted from the adjacent forest. However, the fodder extracted from the forest was maximum 1211.14 kg/day at Sari village and minimum 838.24 kg/day at Makkumath village. The rate of exploitation of forest resources was verified by vegetation analysis where no regeneration has been recorded from all the adjacent forests of the selected villages. The total basal cover of all the species was highest (76.47 m²/ha) at Sari and lowest (46.94 m²/ha) at Krokhi village. The values are comparatively higher than the earlier reported values (5.61.59.39 m²/ha) for similar type of forest, again indicating the greater biotic pressure to the forest. Quercus leucotrichophora was found associated with Lyonia ovalifolia and Rhododendron arboreum in the study sites.

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• Growing Stock Variations in Different Cedrus deodara forests of Garhwal Himalaya

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Authors

Arvind Bhatt , C. M. Sharma , V. P. Khanduri

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 128, No 8 (2002), Pagination: 903-916

Abstract

The population structure and growing stock variations under various diameter classes were recorded in five distinct natural forests of Cedrus deodara of Garhwal Himalaya. In all, 25 sample plots (five on each site) of 0.1 ha were laid out randomly to observe the variations in the structure of growing stock under different sets of environmental conditions. The results have manifested that the highest total growing stock value (761.70±58.73 m³/ha) among all the diameter classes was recorded in Dewarkhal area (site No.3, at the highest altitude, 2300m amsl) in Uttarkashi District, where highest total basal cover (TBC) (60.5424±4.6362 m²/ha) and minimum density (313±23.44 trees/ha) of C. deodara individuals, along with highest potassium content (372.27±6.15 kg/ha) in the soil were present. On the other hand the lowest total growing stock value (298.54±99.65 m³/ha) was observed in Devidhar area (site No.4, at the lowest altitude, 1900m amsl) in Rudraprayag District, where the lowest TBC (34.2763±9.9157 m^l/ha) and the highest density (438:t43.08 trees/ha) of C. deodara with lowest values of moisture contents (17.57±1.20%) in the soil were recorded.

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• Population Structure and Community Analysis on Different Aspects of Sal Savanna forest Type in Outer Garhwal Himalaya

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Authors

N. P. Baduni , C. M. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 9 (2001), Pagination: 1001-1011

Abstract

The population structure and community analysis of the Sal-Savanna forest of the Kalagarh Forest Division in the outer Himalaya were studied on four different aspect viz., North-East, North-West, South-East and South-West. The maximum density (500 trees/ha) and maximum total basal cover (32.98 m²/ha) were observed on the SW and NE aspects respectively. The tree diversity range in these forests varied from 0.5029 (on NE aspect) to 1.366 (on SE aspect). The maximum dispersion of tree individuals were seen on SE aspect which has indicated a more stable community comparatively. Due to more biotic and abiotic interference's, the population structure on other aspects has shown a degrading sustainability. The occurrence of grasses growth with Sal under these disturbed climatic condition and heavy biotic interference have represented this stage of retrogression in otherwise climax Sal type and are responsible for the formation of Sal-Savanna forest type.

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• Effect of Aspect on the Structure of Vegetation Community of Moist Bhabar and Tarai Shorea robusta Forest in Central Himalaya

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Authors

Ashutosh Mishra , C. M. Sharma , S. D. Sharma , N. P. Baduni

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 126, No 6 (2000), Pagination: 634-642

Abstract

The composition of forest vegetation and community structure of Moist Bhabar and Tarai Sal forest were examined on four different aspects; namely, North-East, North-West, South-East and South-West, in District Pauri Garhwal to understand the growth behaviour of Shorea robusta individuals under different micro-climatic conditions. S. robusta was found dominating on all the aspects with maximum lVI, density, frequency and TBC values and has reflected regular and random distribution patterns. the highest TBC value of this species was recorded on NE facing slope (5009.04 cm²/100 m² ) and the highest Cd value (0.4321) on SW facing slope, where minimum diversity persisted. On the other hand the lowest cd value (0.3115) was observed on SE aspect where maximum diversity existed. The maximum accumulation of organic matter was noticed on NE aspect (average value 1.510.61 %) due to occurrence of mature Sal stand.

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• Improvement of Three Valuable Fodder Tree Species Trough Vegetative Propagation

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Authors

D. P. Nautiyal , S. K. Ghildiyal , C. M. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 12 (2006), Pagination: 1653-1660

Abstract

Exogenous application of different concentrations of IAA, IBA, NAA, 2,4-D and thiamine wasw tried to propagate vegetatively the three valuable fodder tree species (viz. Ficus roxburghii, F.cunia and F.gibbosa) of Himalayan farm forestry system. Significant ischolar_maining of branch cuttings was achieved in the lower concentrations of IBA and IAA (100ppm) after 12 weeks of treatment. The application of lower concentrations of auxins have also favoured the number of sprouts and number of lateral ischolar_mains in all the three species, whereas, the ischolar_main length was prolific in lower concentrations of IBA, IAA (Ficus roxburghii and Ficus cunia) and 2,4-D and thiamine (Ficus gibbosa).

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• Phenology and Foral Biology of Acer caesium Wall.

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Authors

R. K. Semalty , C. M. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 2 (1996), Pagination: 170-176

Abstract

Phenology and floral biology of Acer caesium Wall. From the Kumaun Central Himalaya were studied in relation to leaf sprouting, flowering and anthesis, fruit setting, development and retention and leaf and fruit drop along with its floral biology in relation to pollen germination and viability in-vitro. The emergence of new leaves starts in the last week of February along with the floral buds. The maximum anthcsis occurs between 12 noon to 2 p.m. (upto 40%) at a temperature between 4.5°C to 20.5°C and RH, 87% to 88.5%. The total period of flowering for the species was 48 days. The average fruit setting percentage in Acer caesium had been recorded as 88.84% in the year 1994 after 20 days of pollination, whereas it remains only 75.96% after 50 days of pollination. The leaf drop and fruit drop starts in the month of October and the natural regeneration by the seeds takes place in the next monsoons. The highest percentage of pollen germination (71.55% in 10% sucrose and 69.38% in 150 ppm of GA₃ after 48 hrs of its culture) and viability (75.36%) reflacts the reproductive capacity and number of pollen grains required (or controlled pollination studies in Acer caesium for undertaking any breeding programme.

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• Pollen Grains in the Genetic Improvement of Trees

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Authors

C. M. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 118, No 7 (1992), Pagination: 501-508

Abstract

The inheritance pattern of the trees is still incompletely known, therefore, more practical aspects for the tree genetic improvement and breeding programmes should be undertaken to obtain genetically better trees. The study of pollen physiology is engaging considerable attention in tree improvement programmes. The germination of pollen grains both in-vivo and in-vitro, pollen viability and longevity including storage, selective and controlled pollination, sterility, its applications and incompatibility, pollen chemistry and energy contents, irradiation, crossability patterns are, therefore, discussed briefly to understand the role of pollen grains in tree genetic improvement processes.

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• Structure, Composition and Diversity of Tree Vegetation in Sal Mixed Dry Tropical Forest in Chhattisgarh Plains of India

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Authors

Arvind Bijalwan , S. L. Swamy , C. M. Sharma , Rajiv Umrao , Harsh Bodh Paliwal

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 453-462

Abstract

Structure composition and diversity of woody vegetation of sal mixed dry tropical forest of hmalamdi watershed in barnawapara sancuary, Raipur district of Chhattisgarh, India was studied in over and uner storey forest in four different aspects, Nine prominent tree species were recorded in over and under storied forest with the predominance of Shorea robusta in all the aspects. In the overstorey(pooled), relative density values ranged from 3.03 to 43.94 and understorey from 0.04 to 42.71, Shorea robusta recorded highest relative density in over and understorey vegetation followed by Madhura indica and Tectona grandis The IVI values ranged from 15.88 to 78.62 in overstorey and 14.28 to 83.89 in understorey. The highest IVI values recorded by Shorea robusta in both over and understorey. The diversity(Shannon index value) ranged 1.28 (northern aspect) tp 1.67 (southern aspect) for overstorey and 1.10 (northern) to 1.59 (western) for understorey. The study illustrated that overstorey tree strata in the forest is more dominant than understorey. The Shamun index, Simpson's index. Spceies richness, Equitability and Beta diversity values were almost higher in overstorey as compared to unerstorey thereforer the present study reveals the normal regeneration pattern in the forest.

Keywords

Overstorey, Understorey, Salmixed Forest, Phytosociology, Diversity, Composition

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• The Relative Efficiency of the Peg-tooth Cross-cut Saw Set with the Local Method and with the Standard Scientific Technique

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Authors

D. N. Bhatia , C. M. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 89, No 10 (1963), Pagination: 683-685

Abstract

No abstract

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• Studies with the Hanni's Portable Band Sawmill

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Authors

M. N. Asthana , Y. R. Sethi , C. M. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 92, No 12 (1966), Pagination: 762-771

Abstract

Time and cost studies have been done on the working of the Hanni's Portable Band Sawmill at Uttarkashi, U.P., with the object of studying its economics and efficiency. The study covered 215 logs of Pinus roxburghii over a period of 10 days in 1963. Daily out-turn and the cost of sawing per cubic foot, etc., as well as the hourly machine costs have been calculated. Regressions of various time intervals on log volumes have been worked out. The study shows that if the sawn cross sections are not limited to a few but the logs are sawn with a view to obtain maximum sawn out-turn, the efficiency of sawing would increase with the increased girth of logs. The average total sawing time per cft. Of sawn out-turn is 2.50 minutes with the present pattern of sawing, but this time could be minimised if sawing pattern is such as to produce maximum out-turn from a log.

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• Effect of Solid Content of Adhesive on the Compression Strength of Finger Jointed Sections

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Authors

C. P. Singh , Sachin Gupta , C. M. Sharma , V. S. Kishan Kumar

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 139, No 7 (2013), Pagination: 590-593

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of solid content of urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive on the compression parameters of finger jointed sections of Eucalyptus wood. Three concentrations designated as UF1, UF2 and UF3 had solid contents of 36.8 %, 44.9 % and 57.6 % respectively. All three concentrations showed good efficiency under compression parallel to grain when small sections were joined with finger jointing. The study illustrated that a UF concentrations at 36.8 % to 57.6% solid content range can perform equally well when eucalyptus sections are joined with the finger profile used in the study.

Keywords

Finger Joint, Urea Formaldehyde, Compression Parallel to Grain, Eucalyptus, Solid Content.

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• Rate of Infiltration under Different forest Covers of Garhwal Himalaya

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Authors

Tahir Nazir ¹, C. M. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Manduwala, Near Suddhowala, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, IN

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 141, No 9 (2015), Pagination: 930-940

Abstract

In a forest environment, hydraulic conductivity varies by surface condition which is a function of the type and severity of disturbance. The present study was conducted in five forest covers of Garhwal Himalaya i.e Pinus roxburghii, Cedrus deodara, Quercus leucotricophora, Abies pindrow and moist mixed temperate deciduous forest. The infiltration rate was estimated under the disturbed and undisturbed forest covers, by the double ring infiltrometer method. The infiltration rate after 5 minutes was maximum in Pinus roxburghii forest 51.20±3.01cm/hr, followed by Cedrus deodara forest (41.20±1.38cm/hr), Quercus leucotrichophora forest (34.00±3.46cm/hr), Abies pindrow forest (32.00±3.46cm/hr), and moist mixed temperate deciduous forest (27.2±3.01cm/hr). The infiltration rate after 445 minutes was maximum under Quercus leucotrichophora (8.53±0.17cm/hr), followed by moist mixed temperate deciduous forest (8.51±0.54cm/hr), Pinus roxburghii forest (2.50±0.45cm/hr), Abies pindrow forest (2.17±0.16cm/hr) and Cedrus deodara forest (0.33±0.00cm/hr). The higher rate of infiltration in an undisturbed forest is attributed to thicker layer of humus. Therefore, undisturbed forests contributed more to the ground water table than the disturbed forests.

Keywords

Infiltration Rate, Porosity, Soil Texture, Undisturbed and Disturbed, Bulk Density and Soil Organic Matter.

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